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But the President did not receive the petitions before the bomb was used and all the scientists' initiatives were obstructed by Byrnes, Groves, Oppenheimer, and others. ^Back to top THE INVASION OF JAPAN: A GIANT OKINAWA? American planning pat donohue for an invasion of Japan continued in spring of 1945. The Manhattan Project was so secret that most military planners were unaware of it, and pat donohue the effects of the new weapon on pat donohue the Japanese were uncertain. Under the leadership of Army Chief of Staff Gen. George C. Marshall, the War Department continued to assume that an invasion would be necessary to force Japan to surrender. Not everyone in the U.S. military agreed. Some Navy officers believed that the blockade could force Japan to quit the war, while many in the Army Air Forces thought firebombing could force surrender by itself or in conjunction with the blockade. Both groups pointed to the terrible casualties of the Okinawa campaign--48,000 American dead and wounded-- in arguing against an invasion.
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